Avoiding Design Problems

Lines and Text Example
This is one of the most common mistakes you will see. Say, for example, we have a list -- of items, of dates, perhaps the cast of a play.

Intuitively, or perhaps merely because we've seen this so often, we decide that items in the list need some kind of separator, as if they will somehow move about the page if we don't corral them.

Bar Graphs
One of the first problems with graphs is that in many cases they are unnecessarily used. Even when they may have some utility, they become cluttered with non-informational material.

Here is an example of a graph unworthy of the space it uses up:

In general, bar graphs are an inefficient and visually noisy way to depict data. The colors have no meaning, the width of the bars has no meaning, and there may not necessarily be any meaning to the order in which the data appears in the graph.

Indeed, one might more succinctly present this information as its data: There are many ways to make this bar graph even worse -- lines could be thicker, we could have added patterns or images to the bars, turned them into a pseudo-3D graph with depth and shadows or some strange perspective.

There are those, of course, who make use of bar graphs to promote some erroneous idea, by putting unrelated information next to each other to make it seem connected, manipulating the colors to draw more attention to one piece of data, using strange scales of the axes or even a different scale for different bars, or selectively choosing data which portray some desired conclusion. In some cases, no scale may be depicted at all.

In general, bar graphs should be considered a poor, inefficient way to depict data, yet look at this re-creation of a stem-and-leaf depiction of data having a bar graph-like feature: 0|98766562 1|97719630 2|69987766544422211009850 3|876655412099551426 4|9998844331929433361107 5|97666666554422210097731 6|898665441077761065 7|98855431100652108073 8|653322122937 9|377655421000493 10|0984433165212 11|4963201631 12|45421164 13|47830 14|00 15|676 16|52 17|92 18|5 19|39730

On its face this is only a collection of numbers, so you need to understand what it represents. This is 218 data points, representing the individual heights of all the world's volcanoes. Each data point consists of 2 or 3 digits, depicted in an x|y fashion, where x is the 1 or 2-digit indication of the number of thousands of feet, and the y is is a single-digit indicating hundreds of feet. Thus, for example, the line 13|47830 indicates 5 volcanoes, of heights 13,400, 13,700, 13,800, 13,300, and 13,000 feet respectively.

This depiction can therefore be dissected to its individual data points, yet at the same time you get, by the length of each line, a sense of the distribution of volcano heights worldwide. Imagine a bar or line graph trying to be this data-rich.